Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Characterization of Embryogenic and Degenerative Embryogenic Calli of Phoenix dactylifera L
Zein El Din,A.F.M.; Ola Abd Elbar; SALEH MOBARAK ALTURKI; Khaled Ramadan; Hossam El-Beltagi; Hemmat A. Ibrahim; Ezzeldin G. Gadalla; Ibrahim M. Shams El-Din; Ibrahim S. Ibrahim; Reham Farag; Ibrahim, Mohamed Farag Mohamed; Mona S. Abd El-Aal; Ahmed Abou El-Yazied; Mohamed El-Mogy; Mina Samaan Farag Samaan; Yasmin Marzouk;
Abstract
The study of morpho-anatomical aspects, metabolic changes of proteins, antioxidant substances, as well as phenolic compounds in embryogenic callus (EC) and degenerative embryogenic callus (DEC) was the aim of the present investigation. Ability to form somatic embryos (SEs) was associated with the softness of the EC, which exhibited a white or creamy color and was composed of isodiametric cells containing dense cytoplasm, conspicuous nuclei and minimal vacuoles with observed mitotic activity. Furthermore, protein, reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC) concentrations and the ratio between ASC and dehydroascorborbic acid (DHA) were increased significantly in the EC in comparison to the DEC. In addition, the phenolic extract of the EC was proved to have higher scavenging activity than the extract from the DEC. A loss of embryogenic competence in the DEC was correlated with the presence of more rigid clumps and such calli had a yellowish to brown color and no cell division could be observed in the cells of such aggregates as the cells had large vacuoles and they have very thick walls. Moreover, these morphological and anatomical observations of the DEC were accompanied by accumulations of the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (DHA), H2 O2, total soluble phenolic compounds and overaccumulation of naringenin. Alternations in cellular metabolism can affect and regulate the morphogenesis of somatic embryos.
Other data
Title | Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Characterization of Embryogenic and Degenerative Embryogenic Calli of <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L | Authors | Zein El Din,A.F.M.; Ola Abd Elbar; SALEH MOBARAK ALTURKI; Khaled Ramadan; Hossam El-Beltagi; Hemmat A. Ibrahim; Ezzeldin G. Gadalla; Ibrahim M. Shams El-Din; Ibrahim S. Ibrahim; Reham Farag; Ibrahim, Mohamed Farag Mohamed ; Mona S. Abd El-Aal; Ahmed Abou El-Yazied; Mohamed El-Mogy; Mina Samaan Farag Samaan ; Yasmin Marzouk | Keywords | Anatomy;Date palm;Degenerative callus;Embryogenesis blocking;Embryogenic callus;Morphogenesis;Phenolic acids | Issue Date | 12-Oct-2021 | Publisher | MDPI | Journal | Horticulturae | Volume | 7 | Issue | 10 | ISSN | 2311-7524 | DOI | 10.3390/horticulturae7100393 | Scopus ID | 2-s2.0-85117457201 | Web of science ID | WOS:000726891500001 |
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